TY  - JOUR
T1  - Creating a safe operating space for iconic ecosystems
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2015
A1  - Scheffer, M.
A1  - Barrett, S.
A1  - Carpenter, S. R.
A1  - Folke, C.
A1  - Green, A. J.
A1  - Holmgren, M.
A1  - Hughes, T. P.
A1  - Kosten, S.
A1  - van de Leemput, I. A.
A1  - Nepstad, D. C.
A1  - van Nes, E. H.
A1  - Peeters, E. T. H. M.
A1  - Walker, B.
VL  - 347
UR  - http://www.sciencemag.org/content/347/6228/1317.short
IS  - 6228
JO  - Science
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2015
A1  - Steffen, Will
A1  - Richardson, Katherine
A1  - Rockström, Johan
A1  - Cornell, Sarah E.
A1  - Fetzer, Ingo
A1  - Bennett, Elena M.
A1  - Biggs, Reinette
A1  - Carpenter, Stephen R.
A1  - de Vries, Wim
A1  - de Wit, Cynthia A.
A1  - Folke, Carl
A1  - Gerten, Dieter
A1  - Heinke, Jens
A1  - Mace, Georgina M.
A1  - Persson, Linn M.
A1  - Ramanathan, Veerabhadran
A1  - Reyers, Belinda
A1  - Sörlin, Sverker
AB  - The planetary boundaries framework defines a safe operating space for humanity based on the intrinsic biophysical processes that regulate the stability of the Earth system. Here, we revise and update the planetary boundary framework, with a focus on the underpinning biophysical science, based on targeted input from expert research communities and on more general scientific advances over the past 5 years. Several of the boundaries now have a two-tier approach, reflecting the importance of cross-scale interactions and the regional-level heterogeneity of the processes that underpin the boundaries. Two core boundaries—climate change and biosphere integrity—have been identified, each of which has the potential on its own to drive the Earth system into a new state should they be substantially and persistently transgressed.
VL  - 347
UR  - http://www.sciencemag.org/content/347/6223/1259855.abstract
IS  - 6223
JO  - Science
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - General Resilience to Cope with Extreme Events
JF  - Sustainability
Y1  - 2012
A1  - Carpenter, S. R.
A1  - Arrow, K. J.
A1  - Barrett, S.
A1  - Biggs, R.
A1  - Brock, W. A.
A1  - Crepin, A. S.
A1  - Engstrom, G.
A1  - Folke, C.
A1  - Hughes, T. P.
A1  - Kautsky, N.
A1  - Li, C. Z.
A1  - McCarney, G.
A1  - Meng, K.
A1  - Maler, K. G.
A1  - Polasky, S.
A1  - Scheffer, M.
A1  - Shogren, J.
A1  - Sterner, T.
A1  - Vincent, J. R.
A1  - Walker, B.
A1  - Xepapadeas, A.
A1  - de Zeeuw, A.
AB  - Resilience to specified kinds of disasters is an active area of research and practice. However, rare or unprecedented disturbances that are unusually intense or extensive require a more broad-spectrum type of resilience. General resilience is the capacity of social-ecological systems to adapt or transform in response to unfamiliar, unexpected and extreme shocks. Conditions that enable general resilience include diversity, modularity, openness, reserves, feedbacks, nestedness, monitoring, leadership, and trust. Processes for building general resilience are an emerging and crucially important area of research.
VL  - 4
SN  - 2071-1050
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su4123248
IS  - 12
ER  -