02445nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245006500055210006500120260001500185300001600200490000700216520186300223100002502086700002702111700002302138700002202161700002202183856004602205       2016                        eng d  a0013-936X00aReducing Phosphorus to Curb Lake Eutrophication is a Success0 aReducing Phosphorus to Curb Lake Eutrophication is a Success  c2016/09/06  a8923 - 89290 v503 aAs human populations increase and land-use intensifies, toxic and unsightly nuisance blooms of algae are becoming larger and more frequent in freshwater lakes. In most cases, the blooms are predominantly blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), which are favored by low ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus. In the past half century, aquatic scientists have devoted much effort to understanding the causes of such blooms and how they can be prevented or reduced. Here we review the evidence, finding that numerous long-term studies of lake ecosystems in Europe and North America show that controlling algal blooms and other symptoms of eutrophication depends on reducing inputs of a single nutrient: phosphorus. In contrast, small-scale experiments of short duration, where nutrients are added rather than removed, often give spurious and confusing results that bear little relevance to solving the problem of cyanobacteria blooms in lakes.As human populations increase and land-use intensifies, toxic and unsightly nuisance blooms of algae are becoming larger and more frequent in freshwater lakes. In most cases, the blooms are predominantly blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), which are favored by low ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus. In the past half century, aquatic scientists have devoted much effort to understanding the causes of such blooms and how they can be prevented or reduced. Here we review the evidence, finding that numerous long-term studies of lake ecosystems in Europe and North America show that controlling algal blooms and other symptoms of eutrophication depends on reducing inputs of a single nutrient: phosphorus. In contrast, small-scale experiments of short duration, where nutrients are added rather than removed, often give spurious and confusing results that bear little relevance to solving the problem of cyanobacteria blooms in lakes.1 aSchindler, David, W.1 aCarpenter, Stephen, R.1 aChapra, Steven, C.1 aHecky, Robert, E.1 aOrihel, Diane, M.  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02204